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Friday, September 10, 2010

What is a Visceral Somatic Dysfunction?

Visceral Organ Dysfunctions (VMDs ) are internal organ problems that arise from problems that affect the mobility and motility of these organs. As the treating physician or therapist, VMDs are something to consider when you’ve done what you can for musculo-skeletal problem resolution, and strangely still find yourself unable to deliver results that you are routinely happy with. You may have one of those “this should be fixed by now” moments. So, the question arises: have you found the primary dysfunction? Also, is the primary truly a framework problem? Is it possibly instead an internal organ dysfunction that is causing the constellation of abnormalities you have had problems correcting?

Visceral Organs may be limited in their natural motility or in their mobility in relation to the other organs. This is particularly true for when strong adhesions and scar tissues are present. The inciting history would include focal or generalized inflammation. Often, the first cause was trauma or surgery.
 
Somatic Dysfunction Recurrences are often due to Visceral Organ Primary Dysfunctions. Keep in mind, however, that the most common reasons for unresolved or recurrent somatic dysfunctions include (1) mis-diagnoses and (2) incorrect treatment. A mis-diagnosis almost always ensures that you then choose the wrong treatment approach. That is why we should always endeavor to treat what we see, and not what we expect. On the other hand, using a hammer where a screwdriver was needed will often make things worse a lot faster.
 
Other areas to look at would include proper identification of the true Primary Somatic Dysfunction. The “Primary” is the one area that most affects the other areas. By example, a recurrent Shoulder Somatic Dysfunction with multiple supposed primary tendinopathies and Tendinitides can in fact be the result of an incomplete diagnosis. Often, a subacromial bursitis is the inciting primary. In this example, this is the prime pathology that caused the entire rotator cuff weakness via reflexive inhibition. Think of it as the body trying to guard this area by turning off aggravating movements. Without addressing this primary, the involved tendons are kept in an inflammatory cycle, and the muscles are weakened.
 
Basically, pain begets inflammation, begets the inflammatory cascade, begets muscle spasm, and feeds back upon itself as more pain. In this light, the first rule of osteopathy may be more clearly understood: “the rule of the artery is supreme.” If we can improve circulation and lymphatic clearance, we can cut off inflammation and break the pain cycle.
 
May we fit in the prime rule of Reflexive De-afferentation Technology? “Turn off Pain first.” Turn off pain. Turn off reflexive guarding and protective modes. Improve circulation. Remind the body of how it functions when it functions best. Then let the body do what it does best: adapt and heal.
Keep in mind that Viscero-somatic reflexes are also a reverberating circuit. We can do all we can for the shoulder, but if the Gallbladder was the “Primary,” all our work would go nowhere.
Visceral mobilization techniques include mobilization techniques and motility enhancement techniques. Mobilization can be direct or indirect. Indirect techniques for mobilization include reflexive releases and long-levered techniques.

Direct techniques involve local contact, or at least contact that is transmitted directly through tissues adjacent to the organs we want to move around. When we break adhesions or scars this way, organs move more freely in relation to the other organs and structures they articulate with.
Long-levered visceral mobilization techniques utilize organ extensions or connections as handholds for transmission of therapeutically corrective forces. By example, the lungs may be moved via articulating the trachea. The stomach may be moved via an esophageal handhold. The heart may be articulated via a carotid handhold. The brain may be similarly articulated via a traction hold on the carotid vessels.

Basis of Basic Reflexive De-afferentation Technology and Techniques



What is the Golgi tendon reflex?

From Wikipedia
The Golgi tendon reflex is a normal component of the reflex arc of the peripheral nervous system. In a Golgi tendon reflex, skeletal muscle contraction causes the muscle to simultaneously lengthen and relax. This reflex is also called the inverse myotatic reflex, because it is the inverse of the stretch reflex. Though muscle tension is increasing during the contraction, alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord supplying the muscle are inhibited. However, antagonistic muscles are activated.

Contents

 [hide]

[edit]Function

The Golgi tendon reflex protects the skeletal muscle from excessively heavy loads by causing the muscle to relax and drop the load.[citation needed] First, as a load is placed on the muscle, the afferent neuron from the Golgi tendon organ fires into the central nervous system. Second, the motor neuron from the spinal cord is inhibited via an IPSP and muscle relaxes.

[edit]Contrast to stretch reflex

The stretch reflex operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle length by causing muscle contraction. In contrast, the tendon reflex operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation before muscle force becomes so great that tendons might be torn. Although the tendon reflex is less sensitive than the stretch reflex, it can override the stretch reflex when tension is great, making you drop a very heavy weight, for example. Like the stretch reflex, the tendon reflex is ipsilateral. The sensory receptors for this reflex are called tendon Golgi receptors, which lie within a tendon near its junction with a muscle. In contrast to muscle spindles, which are sensitive to changes in muscle length, tendon organs detect and respond to changes in muscle tension that are caused by passive stretch or muscular contraction.

[edit]Steps

A tendon reflex operates as follows:
  1. As the tension applied to a tendon increases, the Golgi tendon organ (sensory receptor) is stimulated (depolarized to threshold).
  2. Nerve impulses (action potentials) arise and propagate into the spinal cord along a sensory neuron.
  3. Within the spinal cord (integrating center), the sensory neuron activates an inhibitory interneuron that makes a synapse with a motor neuron.
  4. The inhibitory neurotransmitter inhibits (hyperpolarizes) the motor neuron, which then generates fewer nerve impulses.
  5. The muscle relaxes and relieves excess tension.

[edit]Pathology

The clasp-knife response is a stretch reflex with a rapid decrease in resistance when attempting to flex a joint. However, it is actually thought to be caused by the tendon reflex of the antagonistic muscle of that joint, which gets extended.[1] It is one of the characteristic responses of an upper motor neuron lesion.

[edit]See also

[edit]References

  1. ^ musom.marshall.edu - SPINAL REFLEXES

Similarities in Complementary Medicine Therapies


Acupuncture and Chiropractic
From the Book “Dissecting Chiropractic” by Strix Toledo

This ancient method of inserting very fine needles into the body to induce a physiological response is more than 4,000 years old.  It relates directly to the idea of so many other complimentary medicine systems, including chiropractic, that the body has an energy running through it.  In Chinese, this profound energy is referred to as Qi of Chi, and is pronounced “chee.”  Qi has a direct impact on the balance and wellness of all systems in the body.

Just like with nerve signals, Qi “interference” or blockage prevents optimal health.  The goal of the acupuncturist is to remove the obstacles, just like the chiropractor endeavors to reduce subluxations.  Perhaps this similarity in principle is what has endeared acupuncture to a multitude of chiropractors. Many chiropractors incorporate acupuncture or the non-invasive, more massage-like form, acupressure, into their practices.

Acupuncture also has a map of the body where certain stimulus points are related to organs and systems in the body.  Sometimes acupuncture needles are inserted with a small electrical impulse added to further stimulate the local and correspondence areas, with the aim of removing the “interference” and normalizing function. 

The Qi, as an energy form, is believed to flow down the pathways called meridians.  The meridians need to be free from interference or obstructions and in balance in order to achieve optimal health.